Fig. 1

Standardized fundus images captured by two different image system. Fundus images captured by Clarus™ (a) and Optos® (b). The yellow line indicates an obscured area and the area of visible retina were excluded and the red line indicates the optic disc. (c and d). The effective retinal area was defined as the ratio of the area (with in the yellow line) of the visible retina to the area of the disc area (DA)