Table 3 Relative frequency of caruncular lesions: comparative literature reviewa,b,c
From: Clinicopathological correlation of caruncular lesions: a 22-year report from the Middle East
Pathologic diagnosis | Comparison of surveys | Shields et al. (1977–1985) (n = 57) | Santos et al. (1957–1990) (n = 113) | Kaeser et al. (1979–2005) (n = 192) | Levy et al. (1990–2007) (n = 42) | Solari et al. (1993–2008) (n = 42) | Kapil et al. (1991–2009) (n = 59) | Yvon et al. (2004–2020) (n = 31) | Alam et al. (2000–2020) (n = 36) | Present study (2000–2023) (n = 52) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Surface epithelial Lesions | ||||||||||
 Squamous cell papilloma | 31.5 | 26 | 15 | 7 | 9.5 | 8.5 | 22.5 | 3 | 4 | |
 Squamous cell carcinoma | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | 2 | |
 Basal cell carcinoma | 2 | - | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | |
Caruncular cyst | ||||||||||
 Epithelial inclusion cyst | - | 12 | 7 | - | - | - | 6.5 | 17 | 2 | |
 Hidrocystoma | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
 Steatocystoma | - | - | 0.5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Melanocytic tumours | ||||||||||
 Melanocytic nevus | 25 | 34 | 47 | 60 | 21 | 41 | 26 | 8 | 19 | |
 PAM* without atypia | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | - | - | |
 PAM with atypia | - | - | 0.5 | - | - | - | - | - | 4 | |
 Malignant melanoma (in situ and invasive) | - | 4 | 0.5 | - | - | 3 | 7 | - | - | |
Adnexal tumours | ||||||||||
 Sebaceous hyperplasia | - | 4 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | 11 | 5.5 | |
 Sebaceous adenoma | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | - | - | 5.5 | - | |
 Sebaceous carcinoma | - | 1 | 0.5 | - | - | - | - | 17 | - | |
oncocytoma | 3.5 | - | 4 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 6.5 | 3 | 2 | |
Myeloproliferative disorders | Â | |||||||||
 Benign lymphoid hyperplasia | - | 3 | - | 2 | 2 | - | - | 14 | 11.5 | |
 Lymphoma | 2 | 1 | 0.5 | - | 2 | 3 | 3 | - | 7.5 | |
Vascular lesions | ||||||||||
 Pyogenic granuloma | 9 | 3 | 1.5 | - | - | - | - | 3 | 5.5 | |
 Capillary haemangioma | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 4 | |
Neural tumours | ||||||||||
 Neurofibroma | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
 schwannoma | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Inflammatory process | ||||||||||
 Chronic inflammation | 4 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 29 | 7 | 10 | - | 25 | |
 Lipogranuloma | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Normal tissue | 3.5 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 4 | |
Non-specific changes | - | - | 2.5 | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | |