Application of SS-OCTA to evaluate the effects of long-term hydroxychloroquine treatment on retinal structure and microcirculation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Li, Xuemei; Xiong, Chao; Luo, Shuilin; Chen, Yunxiu; Li, Min; Wang, Siyi; Wang, Yaohua; Wang, Zhilin; Wu, Rui; Liao, Hongfei

doi:10.1186/s12886-025-04083-y

Table 3 Comparison of retinal thickness and blood flow parameters in macular area between healthy group and SLE group

From: Application of SS-OCTA to evaluate the effects of long-term hydroxychloroquine treatment on retinal structure and microcirculation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

OCT parameter	Health group (n = 21)	Baseline group (n = 21)	Low-risk group (n = 23)	High-risk group (n = 29)	F	P-value	P₁	P₂	P₃	P₄	P₅	P₆
Inner retinal membrane thickness(µm)
Central fovea	61.33 ± 1.40	59.43 ± 5.79	57.96 ± 8.20	45.93 ± 7.15	26.994	0.000^*	0.372	0.107	0.000^*	0.480	0.000^*	0.000^*
Paracentral fovea	119.45 ± 1.09	118.21 ± 4.37	118.02 ± 6.19	111.42 ± 4.50	13.135	0.000^*	0.438	0.359	0.000^*	0.902	0.000^*	0.000^*
Surrounding area	113.04 ± 0.99	113.49 ± 4.55	112.01 ± 5.44	108.06 ± 4.49	7.360	0.000^*	0.754	0.468	0.000 ^*	0.296	0.000^*	0.003^*
Outer omentum thickness(µm)
Central fovea	218.71 ± 9.05	212.95 ± 6.16	214.74 ± 8.24	215.41 ± 7.85	1.958	0.126	0.020	0.099	0.148	0.455	0.280	0.760
Paracentral fovea	225.96 ± 9.68	217.68 ± 8.96	219.28 ± 10.13	221.50 ± 7.03	3.468	0.019	0.003^*	0.015	0.083	0.552	0.137	0.374
Surrounding area	199.74 ± 7.95	191.35 ± 8.31	195.30 ± 8.53	195.54 ± 6.12	4.198	0.008^*	0.001^*	0.059	0.059	0.091	0.059	0.911
Full thickness of omentum(µm)
Central fovea	254.38 ± 8.16	255.29 ± 6.97	254.04 ± 9.75	247.34 ± 9.63	4.550	0.005^*	0.740	0.899	0.006^*	0.642	0.002^*	0.008^*
Paracentral fovea	334.45 ± 10.08	335.60 ± 9.40	331.61 ± 11.38	332.97 ± 7.39	0.738	0.532	0.677	0.326	0.590	0.169	0.340	0.609
Surrounding area	296.57 ± 7.68	298.87 ± 8.96	296.37 ± 7.02	298.50 ± 5.56	0.724	0.540	0.307	0.927	0.356	0.257	0.859	0.296
SCP-VD (%)
Central fovea	31.00 (29.00,32.50)	28.00 (27.00,30.00)	28.00 (27.00,31.00)	21.00 (15.00,23.00)	37.517	0.000^b*	0.203	0.045	0.000^*	0.470	0.000^*	0.000^*
temporal side of the inner circle	42.62 ± 2.52	41.57 ± 3.49	42.43 ± 2.68	40.41 ± 3.22	2.870	0.041	0.263	0.840	0.012^*	0.345	0.184	0.018
above the inner ring	44.05 ± 2.31	43.19 ± 4.08	43.57 ± 2.19	41.72 ± 2.71	3.126	0.030	0.339	0.582	0.006^*	0.668	0.080	0.025
nasal side of the inner ring	42.33 ± 2.58	43.19 ± 2.32	42.83 ± 2.35	41.97 ± 2.67	1.137	0.339	0.269	0.515	0.608	0.630	0.090	0.220
below the inner ring	44.48 ± 2.54	42.19 ± 4.59	43.78 ± 2.76	41.83 ± 4.12	2.849	0.042	0.045	0.530	0.013	0.151	0.729	0.058
temporal side of the outer ring	44.14 ± 2.78	42.67 ± 2.63	42.96 ± 2.88	41.03 ± 2.80	5.349	0.002^*	0.089	0.161	0.000^*	0.730	0.043	0.015
above the outer ring	45.81 ± 1.83	44.90 ± 2.77	44.74 ± 2.49	43.24 ± 2.64	4.691	0.004^*	0.240	0.156	0.000^*	0.825	0.021	0.033
nasal side of the outer ring	45.43 ± 1.91	43.71 ± 2.61	44.52 ± 2.04	43.31 ± 3.19	3.172	0.028	0.032	0.242	0.005^*	0.297	0.582	0.092
below the outer ring	44.76 ± 2.34	42.43 ± 4.43	43.52 ± 3.31	42.41 ± 4.16	2.050	0.113	0.044	0.269	0.029	0.330	0.989	0.286
FAZ area(mm²)	0.24 ± 0.07	0.25 ± 0.07	0.30 ± 0.09	0.47 ± 0.08	50.255	0.000^*	0.705	0.013	0.000^*	0.034	0.000^*	0.000^*
FAZ circumference(mm)	1.93 ± 0.34	1.95 ± 0.25	2.04 ± 0.48	2.85 ± 0.49	30.130	0.000^*	0.900	0.396	0.000^*	0.472	0.000^*	0.000^*

Note: P represents the comparison among three groups.; P₁ represents the comparison between the healthy group and the baseline group. P₂ represents the comparison between healthy group and low-risk group. P₃ represents the comparison between healthy group and high-risk group. P₄ represents the comparison between baseline group and low-risk group. P₅ represents the comparison between baseline group and high-risk group. P₆ represents the comparison between low-risk group and high-risk group. *Using Bonferroni correction, P < 0.0125 indicates statistically significant differences. In comparisons between groups, b indicates the use of the Kruskal-Wallis H non-parametric test; otherwise, Anova analysis was applied. LSD-t test was used for comparison between the two groups

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Table 3 Comparison of retinal thickness and blood flow parameters in macular area between healthy group and SLE group

BMC Ophthalmology

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